Sierra Leone’s political landscape has long been shaped by the rivalry between its two dominant political parties: the Sierra Leone People’s Party (SLPP) and the All People’s Congress (APC). Since independence in 1961, these two parties have alternated in power, leaving an indelible mark on the nation’s development trajectory, social fabric, and political culture. As the 2028 elections approach, the SLPP and APC face the pressing challenge of addressing issues within their ranks, defining their political strategies, and considering the broader implications of their actions for Sierra Leone’s future. While the prospect of collaboration between these rivals may seem unlikely, a growing number of voices argue that working together—despite their current status in power—could serve the greater good.
Within the SLPP, President Julius Maada Bio’s administration has faced challenges as well as accomplishments. The “New Direction” agenda, which initially focused on education, healthcare, and anti-corruption, received significant praise during Bio’s first term. However, the administration’s subsequent years have been marked by internal conflicts, concerns over governance, and public criticisms of unmet promises. With Bio reaching the end of his constitutionally allowed terms, the SLPP is left at a crossroads regarding succession and the future direction of its policies.
The party’s internal dynamics are further complicated by factional divides, notably between loyalists of the president and those who believe the SLPP needs fresh leadership. Figures such as the current Chief Minister, David Sengeh, have emerged as potential successors, while other senior party members have expressed ambitions of their own. The SLPP’s approach to succession will significantly impact the party’s credibility and unity as they enter the 2028 election period. A transparent and fair selection process will be crucial for the SLPP to retain its support base and project an image of stability.
The APC, having lost the 2018 election after a decade in power, is undergoing its own process of introspection and restructuring. Former President Ernest Bai Koroma’s administration was credited with infrastructural development and economic improvements, yet the party was criticized for corruption and economic mismanagement. Since then, the APC has grappled with the challenge of rebranding itself while dealing with infighting and leadership disputes. The party’s succession debate centres on whether it should promote a fresh face to lead or rely on experienced figures such as Dr. Samura Kamara, who narrowly lost to Bio in the 2018 elections and maintains significant influence within the party.
The APC faces the urgent task of redefining its platform to appeal to younger voters and to those disillusioned with both traditional party politics and the current administration. Key players within the party are pushing for reforms to modernize and address issues related to transparency, inclusivity, and accountability. If the APC can successfully resolve its leadership issues and present a united front, it could gain significant ground in 2028. However, the ability of both parties to reconcile internal differences and present viable succession plans remains uncertain.
Historically, the competition between the SLPP and APC has contributed to political polarization and division. The “winner-takes-all” nature of Sierra Leonean politics has often led to the exclusion of the losing party from meaningful participation in governance. Consequently, each party’s tenure in power has often been marred by policies aimed at undermining the opposition, fostering a cycle of retaliation rather than cooperation. This adversarial approach has hindered national progress, as administrations focus on consolidating power rather than pursuing holistic development.
The recurring pattern of political antagonism has also discouraged long-term planning and sustainable development. Key policy initiatives are frequently abandoned or reversed with each change of government, causing instability and stagnation. For Sierra Leone to break free from this cycle, both the SLPP and APC must adopt a more collaborative approach that prioritizes national interests over partisan gain.
Despite their ideological differences, the SLPP and APC share common goals related to economic development, security, and social progress. With Sierra Leone facing significant challenges—such as unemployment, youth disenfranchisement, and economic dependency on foreign aid—both parties have a vested interest in fostering a stable and prosperous nation. A spirit of reconciliation between the SLPP and APC could pave the way for bipartisan initiatives focused on issues like economic diversification, education, and healthcare reform.
Furthermore, the high stakes of the 2028 elections present an opportunity for both parties to demonstrate political maturity. By fostering dialogue and cooperation on non-partisan issues, the SLPP and APC can build a foundation of trust and mutual respect that will benefit future generations. In this context, unity does not mean merging political identities, but rather recognizing shared responsibilities and collaborating on policies that transcend party lines.
One viable approach for fostering cooperation is to establish a National Dialogue Platform, where representatives from both parties can discuss common challenges and solutions. This forum could focus on key issues such as electoral reform, constitutional amendments, and strategies for reducing political violence. By working together on these fundamental areas, the SLPP and APC can build a more stable and inclusive democratic system. Additionally, a National Dialogue Platform would provide an opportunity for civil society organizations, youth leaders, and other stakeholders to contribute to the political process.
To address pressing issues like economic growth and youth unemployment, the SLPP and APC could consider forming joint policy committees. These committees would allow both parties to share insights and expertise on policy development, promoting more effective and sustainable solutions. For example, a bipartisan committee on education reform could help create a national strategy that ensures continuity in education policies, regardless of the ruling party. By focusing on long-term outcomes, these committees would demonstrate the benefits of collaboration while fostering a sense of national unity.
The issue of electoral violence remains a major concern in Sierra Leone, particularly during the lead-up to national elections. To promote peaceful campaigning, both the SLPP and APC could commit to a code of conduct that prohibits inflammatory rhetoric and encourages respectful dialogue. By setting an example of peaceful campaigning, the SLPP and APC can help prevent violence and ensure a fair and transparent electoral process. This approach would also reinforce the credibility of Sierra Leone’s democratic institutions, bolstering public confidence in the electoral system.
The 2028 elections present a critical juncture for the SLPP, APC, and Sierra Leone as a whole. Both parties face significant internal challenges, yet they also have a unique opportunity to redefine their roles in the country’s political landscape. By embracing a more collaborative approach, the SLPP and APC can pave the way for a new era of political maturity, one characterized by mutual respect, national unity, and a shared commitment to progress.
The path toward cooperation will not be easy, and it will require both parties to set aside entrenched rivalries and prioritize the common good. However, the potential benefits of this approach are profound. A united SLPP and APC could lead to more stable governance, reduced political violence, and sustainable policies that promote economic growth and social development. In the face of Sierra Leone’s pressing challenges, the question is no longer simply which party will emerge victorious in 2028. Instead, the focus should be on how both parties can work together to build a brighter future for all Sierra Leoneans.
Ultimately, the decision to embrace collaboration will rest with the leaders and members of the SLPP and APC. Yet, as public demand for accountable and inclusive governance grows, the need for unity has never been more apparent. By choosing cooperation over conflict, the SLPP and APC can redefine the trajectory of Sierra Leonean politics and lay the foundation for a prosperous and stable nation. The path forward is clear: for Sierra Leone to succeed, both parties must come together, not only as political rivals but as partners in progress.
