By Dr. Manal Ghazzawi
26th June 2024 marks the international day against drug abuse and illicit trafficking, a topic worth to have a spotlight on, as Sierra Leone is currently facing a pressing public health crisis as the prevalence of illicit drugs, notably Kush, continues to rise alongside an alarming increase in Hepatitis B incidence.This dual challenge poses significant threats to the health and well-being of the population, as well as the societal fabric of the country. Understanding the complexities of these interconnected issues is crucial in developing effective strategies to mitigate their impact and prevent further escalation of the crisis.
According to a study in sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 95% of individuals with chronic HBV or HCV infection, or both, are unaware of their infection and so do not benefit from clinical care, treatment, and interventions that are designed to reduce onward transmission.
Risk Factors Contributing to The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Within Drug-Using Populations
Hepatitis B/C is like that unexpected guest who never leaves, and it is not the kind of guest you’d want crashing on your liver’s couch. Hepatitis B/C are viral infections that target the liver, causing issues ranging from mild illness to serious problems like liver cirrhosis, chronic liver disease including liver cancer. Drug users and Hepatitis B/C seem to go together and not in a good way. The prevalence of Hepatitis B/C among drug users is alarmingly high, making it a major concern in this community.
From city streets to remote corners of the world, Hepatitis B/C doesn’t discriminate – it’s making itself comfortable among drug users worldwide. Whether you’re in the bustling city or a quiet town, the risk is real for those who choose to play with fire.
Sharing needles isn’t just a red flag for hygiene; it’s practically rolling out a welcome mat for Hepatitis B/C. Injecting drugs puts you at a higher risk of spreading and contracting the virus, turning a needle into a risky business card. Unprotected sex and other high-risk behaviours increase the chances of transmission, making it easier for the virus to crash your liver’s party.
Effect of Substance Abuse on Hepatitis B/C Disease Severity
Illicit drug use mixed with alcohol and being infected with Hepatitis B/C is like throwing gasoline on a fire – it can intensify the severity of the disease and complicate treatment. Substance abuse can turn a manageable situation into a full-blown liver drama, making the battle against Hepatitis B/C an even tougher one.
Challenges in Hepatitis B/C Prevention and Treatment for Drug Users
Managing Hepatitis B/C among drug users is a challenging task for health care practitioners. From addressing substance abuse issues to ensuring proper medical care, there are hurdles at every turn. But with the right approach and support, tackling Hepatitis B/C in this population can lead to better health outcomes. In addition, barriers like stigma, lack of access to healthcare, and fear of judgment can make it challenging to protect this at-risk group.
Strategies for Hepatitis B Prevention in Drug Using Communities
- Harm Reduction Approaches
It will be interesting to know how many drug users in Sierra Leone inject drugs, that we do not know. I think people inhale drugs more than injecting. When it comes to preventing Hepatitis B/C in drug using communities, harm reduction approaches play a crucial role. Harm reduction is a set of practical strategies and ideas aimed at reducing negative consequences associated with drug use. Harm Reduction is also a movement for social justice built on a belief in, and respect for, the rights of people who use drugs. Investigating harm reduction techniques that aligns with Sierra Leone’s perspective of illicit drug use could help in easy implementation.
2. Community Outreach and Education Programs
Educating drug users about the risks of Hepatitis B/C and the importance of vaccination is essential in prevention efforts. Community outreach programs that engage with drug using populations can help raise awareness and promote positive health behaviours.
3. Addressing Stigma and Access to Healthcare for Drug Users with Hepatitis B
Stigma surrounding drug use and Hepatitis B can create barriers to healthcare access and support for affected individuals. Addressing stigma through education and advocacy is key to ensuring that drug users with Hepatitis B receive the care they need.
4. Improving Healthcare Access and Support Services
Improving access to healthcare services, including Hepatitis B testing, treatment, and counselling, is vital for drug users with the virus. Providing support services such as mental health care and addiction treatment can also enhance overall health outcomes.
5. Public Health Implications and Policy Recommendations
The prevalence of Hepatitis B among drug users has significant public health implications, including the potential for outbreaks and increased healthcare costs. Addressing Hepatitis B within drug using communities is crucial for overall disease prevention efforts.
Policy recommendations for preventing and treating Hepatitis B among drug users should focus on increasing access to vaccination, improving healthcare infrastructure in underserved areas, and implementing evidence-based harm reduction strategies.
In conclusion, addressing Hepatitis B within drug users requires a multifaceted approach that combines harm reduction, education, stigma reduction, improved healthcare access, and supportive policies. By working together towards comprehensive solutions, we can make significant strides in preventing and treating Hepatitis B in this vulnerable community.
Dr. Manal Ghazzawi is a clinical pharmacist, CEO of CitiGlobe Pharmacies Ltd and KnowHep Foundation Sierra Leone. She has great passion for writing on health issues afflicted by Sierra Leoneans apart from her contribution in the fight against Hepatis B in Sierra Leone.
